![]() All through 1941, there were newspaper articles touting the superiority of the Navy. I use the phrase “Assumption fathered defeat,” and it did on many levels, both big and small. A preventable catastrophe, caused by incompetent leadership, racist stereotypes, and an arrogant belief in the invincibility of the United States-is that a fair assessment of Pearl Harbor? ![]() Speaking from his home in Montclair, New Jersey, Twomey explains how notions of racial superiority made the Americans underestimate the Japanese, how a war game simulation of such an attack had been run and then ignored, and why Pearl Harbor stunned the nation even more than 9/11. (Find out how five people survived the atomic blast at Nagasaki at the end of World War II.) What's worse, it could easily have been prevented. ![]() “Nothing as catastrophically unexpected, as self-image shattering, had happened to the nation in its 165 years,” writes Steve Twomey in his new book, Countdown to Pearl Harbor: The Twelve Days to the Attack. ![]() Within minutes, much of the Pacific Fleet had been destroyed, more than 2,000 Americans killed, and the United States dealt a massive psychological blow. ![]()
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